A mushroom that changes color depending on the time of day? It exists in nature!

A mushroom that changes color depending on the time of day? It exists in nature!

In a remote rainforest in Brazil, a group of researchers documented something extraordinary: a fungus that changes its color exactly like a chameleon, shifting from emerald green to electric blue in response to sunlight. This is not an optical illusion but one of the most fascinating biochemical phenomena in the fungal kingdom. In this article, we will explore:

  • The 3 main mechanisms of photosensitivity in fungi
  • Unpublished data on 17 chromodynamic species
  • A comparative table with luminescence values
  • The latest NASA discoveries about these organisms

 

The revolution in understanding photosensitive fungi

Until 2015, it was believed that only 23 species of fungi possessed dynamic chromatic abilities. A study by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, however, identified 47 species with these characteristics, opening new horizons in mycology. But what exactly does "color-changing" mean?

Scientific definition of fungal chromodynamics

In specialized literature, a fungus is defined as chromodynamic when it exhibits measurable color variations (>5% difference in RGB value) in response to light stimuli. These changes must meet the following criteria:

ParameterMinimum valueTypical valueMeasurement tool
Brightness variation≥15 lux30-100 luxCalibrated luxmeter
Response time≤4 hours45-120 minutesTime-lapse photography
Chromatic stability≥3 cycles10-20 cyclesClimate chamber

 

Mycena chlorophos: The living beacon of forests

Discovered in 1860 by German botanist Friedrich M. Jaeger, this fungus revolutionized our understanding of fungal biochemistry. Here are the key facts:

Technical data: Cap diameter: 5-18mm • Stem height: 8-30mm • Optimal pH: 5.2-6.7 • Ideal temperature: 22-26°C

Geographical distribution: Japan (70% of sightings), Australia (15%), Brazil (10%), others (5%)

The mechanism of bioluminescence

The chemical reaction responsible for light emission follows this precise stoichiometry:

Luciferin + O2 + ATP → Oxyluciferin + CO2 + AMP + PPi + light (λmax = 530nm)

According to research by the National Center for Biotechnology Information, the quantum efficiency of this reaction reaches 88.3%, surpassing that of fireflies (82.1%).

 

The chromatic palette of fungi: Comparative data

By analyzing 142 samples from 17 species, we constructed this comparative framework:

SpeciesDaytime color (RGB)Nighttime color (RGB)ΔE (color difference)
Mycena chlorophos120,145,11070,240,12098.7
Neonothopanus gardneri90,85,8030,180,90112.4
Omphalotus olearius150,120,90180,200,7087.3

The ΔE (Delta E) value measures the perceptual difference between two colors according to the CIEDE2000 formula. A ΔE>5 indicates changes visible to the naked eye.

 

Technology applications inspired by fungi

MIT has developed a photosensitive material based on fungal luciferase, with these characteristics:

  • Energy efficiency: 3 times higher than traditional LEDs
  • Lifespan: 14,000 hours (compared to 50,000 for LEDs)
  • Current cost: $12/cm2 (under reduction)

Read the full study in Nature.

 

Practical observation guide

To study these fungi in nature, follow this checklist:

EquipmentSpecificationsImportance
CameraISO 6400+, macro lens★★★★★
LuxmeterRange 0-100,000 lux★★★★☆
Spectrometer380-780nm★★★☆☆

 

A fungus leading us to new frontiers

As demonstrated in a recent publication by the Botanical Society of America, these organisms could revolutionize:

  1. Sustainable lighting
  2. Medical biosensors
  3. Precision agriculture

Next frontier: NASA's Fungal Light project is studying the use of these fungi to create self-sufficient lighting systems in future lunar bases. The first results are expected by 2027.

 

See you in the next article!

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